Immigration and U.S. Population Growth: An Environmental Perspective (NPG Special Report)
- Mark Nowak
- September 1, 1997
- Forum Papers
- Forum Paper
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An NPG Forum Paper
by Mark W. Nowak
September 1997
Controversy over U.S. immigration policy is by no means new to the political landscape. Since 1819, when Congress passed the first significant law regulating immigration into the United States, successive debates over immigration have stirred emotions and polarized perceptions. It is not surprising, then, to find that environmentalists, confronted by the issue with increasing frequency, are by no means in agreement about the relationship between immigration and the environment.
On the one hand are those who argue that immigration, notwithstanding the benefits it provides, is fundamentally a form of population growth. Therefore, say supporters of this position, levels of immigration must be reduced (and fertility held at replacement-level or below) if we are to move toward environmental sustainability in the United States.
Others argue that treating immigration as an environmental issue is a wrong-headed approach to environmental protection. Rather than focusing on inimigralion, say these proponents, the environment would be better served by addressing issues such as Americans’ hyper-consuming lifestyle. which are more to blame for our environmental ills.
It’s true that numerous factors—including the high consumption rates of Americans — contribute substantially to environmental degradation, but diminishing or discounting the real role that immigration plays make little sense. All other factors being equal, the environmental consequences of human activity increase with the growth of the population. This essential relationship is nearly universally recognized— particularly among environmental and population groups—as one of the fundamental bases for providing international population stabilization funding.
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Mark W. Nowak is an environmental writer and a resident fellow of Negative Population Growth. Formerly executive director of Population-Environment Balance, his writing has appeared in national newspapers, magazines and environmental journals, and he has contributed to several books on population, immigration, and the environment.